超声波测距仪定稿(李松).docVIP

目 录 TOC \o 1 引言 1 2 设计方案的比较与选择 2 2.1 设计要求 2 2.2 基于方案的论证和选取 2 3 硬件电路的设计 4 3.1 超声波设计系统框图 4 3.2 超声波发射和接收电路 4 3.3 单片机外围电路 8 3.4 报警电路 9 3.5 温度补偿电路 9 3.6 LED显示电路 10 3.7 直流稳压电源电路 11 4 系统软件设计 12 4.1 超声波测距仪的算法设计 12 4.2 超声波主程序流程图 13 4.3 超声波40KHz产生程序 15 4.4 发射和接收中断程序 16 4.5 温度补偿程序 17 5 结束语 19 参考文献 20 附录 21 致谢 29 摘 要 超声波是一种频率高于20K赫兹的声波，具有指向性强，能量消耗慢，灵敏性高，传播距离远等一系列优点。在近代传感器技术和自动控制技术相结合的测距仪器中，应用十分普遍。 利用超声波检测往往较其他方法方便、迅速、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，还可以在精度方面达到工业适用的要求。本论文就介绍了一种采用脉冲回波的方法,在基于单片机AT89C52的基础上设计超声波测距系统。充分利用单片机的软、硬件资源，实现超声波的发射与接收双向控制。 系统主要由超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、温度补偿电路、报警电路和显示电路几部分组成。首先介绍了超声波测距原理，然后详细地分析了系统的软硬件设计。最后采用C51软件设计的方法，使硬件设计简单，提高了性价比。 关键词：超声波；单片机AT89C52；测距 Abstract Ultrasound is a frequency above 20KHz sound waves, with a strong point, the energy consumption of slow, high sensitivity, transmission distance and a series of advantages. In modern sensor technology and automatic control technology combined rangefinder device, the application is very common. The use of ultrasonic testing is often convenient than other methods, rapid, easy to compute, easy to do real-time control, you can achieve the accuracy requirements of industrial application. This paper presents a pulse on the echo method, based on AT89C52 microcontroller-based design of ultrasonic ranging system. Full use of the microcontroller software and hardware resources to achieve bi-directional ultrasonic transmitter and receiver control. System mainly consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver circuit, temperature compensation circuit, the alarm circuit and display circuit composed of several parts. First introduced the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, and detailed analysis of the systems hardware and software design. Finally, the use of C51 software design methods, the hardware design is simple, increase the price. Key words: ultrasonic; microcontroller AT89C52; ranging 1 引言 随着现代工业技术的发展，超声波检测技术得到了越来越广泛的应用。超声波一般是指频率超过20KHZ的机械波，利用其指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，传播距离较远，遇到障碍物会发生反射等特性进行距离的测量。加