Chap13～14-waves-（大学物理美国英文版）.ppt

* Chapter 1314 Waves Simple Harmonic Waves Wave Equation Energy and Power of Waves Interference of Waves Standing Waves The Doppler Effect 1. Transverse waves The direction of oscillation of medium elements is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave. 13-1 Types of Waves (P327) 2. Longitudinal waves The direction of oscillation of medium elements is parallel to the direction of the wave’s travel, the motion is said to be longitudinal, and the wave is said to be a longitudinal wave. Both a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave are said to be traveling waves because they both travel from one point to another. Conditions of a mechanical wave: 1. A wave source 2. Medium in which a mechanical wave propagates. 13-2 Creation of Waves and Propagation Simple harmonic wave: The wave source is at SHM, and the medium elements that the wave passes in medium are also at SHM (波源作简谐振动, 在波传到的区域, 介质中的质元均作简谐振动). The feature of wave’s propagation: (1) A wave means that oscillatory state propagates with time (波是振动状态,or相位的传播). Explanations: (2) When the source of wave finishes a complete oscillation, it forms an entire wave in its surrounding medium. It does not mean the particles of medium move forward with wave. Particles of the medium oscillate only around their corresponding equilibrium positions. (3) Later oscillatory particles always repeat oscillations that earlier ones did 沿波的传播方向,各质元的相位依次落后. The characteristic quantities of wave: (1) The wavelength ? of a wave is the distance between repetitions of the wave shape (同相点----质元的振动状态相同)their phase difference is 2?. (2) The T or f are the T or f of wave source, respectively. (3) Wave speed is the phase speed (波速v 即相速). The distance of an oscillatory state propagating in a unit-time, in one T, is the wave moves a distance of ? ——wavelength, so (4) v k k w l p l p = = \ = 2 2 Q (where k is angular wave number,波数) Same phase points,phase diff