管理学原理英文（武汉理工大学）5-1 Cap12 Control.pptVIP

Chapter 12 Control What is control? Three approaches to control systems The control process Types of control Qualities of an effective control system Contingency factors of control Control is the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations. Market control is an approach to control that emphasizes the use of external market mechanisms such as price competition and market share. Bureaucratic control is an approach to control that emphasizes authority and relies on administrative rules, regulations, procedures, and policies. Clan control is an approach to designing control systems in which employee behaviors are regulated by the shared values, norms, traditions, rituals, beliefs, and other aspects of the organization’s culture. Exhibit 12-1 the Control Process Three Steps: Measuring actual performance Comparing actual performance against a standard Taking managerial action to correct deviations or inadequate standards. How do managers measure?(means) Personal observation Statistical reports Oral report Written report What do manager measure?(content) Control areas: information, operations, finances, people Quantifiable criteria Subjective measure Exhibit 12-2 defining an acceptable range of variation Do nothing Correct the actual performance Immediate corrective action Basic corrective action Revise the standard Exhibit 12-3 Types of Control Qualities of an effective control system Accuracy Timeliness Economy Flexibility Understandability Reasonable criteria Strategic placement Emphasis on the exception Multiple criteria Corrective action Exhibit 12-4 Contingency Factors Practices: Explain qualities of an effective control system What managers who find discrepancies between actual performance and standard will do? * * Objectives Standard Measure actual performance Compare actual performance with standard Is standard being attained? Is variance acceptable? Is