动词的种类和主谓一致..docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 动词的种类和主谓一致 张兵 动词的种类：动词可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和实义动词四类。 连系动词亦称系动词。系动词本身有意义，如：be(是), keep(保持),remain(停留、保持),stay(保持),seem(似乎、看起来),look(看起来), appear(表现的), feel(感觉起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), become(变得), grow(变得), turn(变得), get(变得), go(变得)等等， 连系动词+表语（名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或者句子等）一起构成句子的谓语，也称系表结构，主要用于说明主语的身份、状况、性质、特征等。 He is a teacher. He always keeps silent at meeting. He looks tired. He seems (to be)tired. He became mad after that. His aim is to be a successful man. His backpack is on the sofa. His achievement is that he overcame all the enemy in this match. 助动词：本身没有意义，不能独立作谓语，在句中和行为动词或者连系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、疑问、否定等。 （1）、助动词be “ 助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时态。They are boating on the lake. “助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。The book was written by Lu Xun. “助动词be+going to +动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事。I am going to take a plane to Hong Kong next week. （2）、助动词do do/does 帮助构成一般现在时态的否定句和疑问句。Do you want to pass the exam? He doesn’t want to go shopping with his father. What do you want to be in the future? Did帮助构成一般过去时态的否定和疑问句。When did they study German? Don’t帮助构成祈使句的否定形式。Don’t be so absent-minded. 助动词do的各种形式还可以用于肯定句，强调动作。They did go the the park. （3）、助动词have “have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时。They have lived in this city since they got married. “had+过去分词”构成过去完成时态，表过去的过去。 She told me that she had seen it before. （4）、助动词will/shall “will/shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时态，shall只用于第一人称。 I shall study harder at English. Will he go to Shanghai tomorrow. “would/should+动词用原形”构成过去将来时态。should只用于第一人称。He said he would come. I said that I should be pleased to help. 情态动词：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, should, would, have to, will等叫情态动词。 （1）情态动词的基本特征： a, 有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语， 必须和实意动词或系动词连用构成谓语。 b,无人称和数的变化(have to 除外)，即不随主语人称和数的变化而变化。例如：We must finish the work today. He has to finish the work today. c, 情态动词后跟动词原形作谓语。 d, 具有助动词的作用，可直接加not 构成否定句。 （2）情态动词的用法： a, can表示能力，意为“能、会”。She can swim fast, but I can’t. can表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。You can borrow my diction