空气污染控制理论与技术2绪论.pptVIP

8. 全球变暖和气候变化: Major Greenhouse Gases 主要的温室气体 Gas Contribution to global warming (percentage) CO2 57 CFCS 氟氯化碳 25 CH4 12 N2O 6 全球平均气温的变化 大气中二氧化碳含量的变化 全球变暖产生的影响 冰川融化 海平面上升 沿海洪水 海域扩大 降水的模式发生变化 更加酷热和干旱的沙漠 更多的极端天气 植物群落发生变化 多种农作物将发生变化 The importance of black carbon has only recently been recognized. 黑炭的重要性在最近才得到重视。 空气污染与气候变化的联系 The IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change ) has reached several important conclusions:国际气候变化小组 The average temperature of the earth has increased 0.3-0.6℃ (1995 was the warmest year on record) and sea level has risen 10-25cm in the last 100 years. 过去100年地球气温上升了0.3-0.6℃ ，海平面上升了10-25cm。 A continued increase in temperature and sea level will occur. Various models suggest an increase in temperature of 1-3.5℃and a sea level rise of 15-95cm by the year 2100. 气温和海平面的上升将在未来持续。多个模型预测到2010年气温将上升1-3.5℃，海平面将上升15-95cm。 There is a strong correlation between the increase in temperature and the amount of greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere. 气温上升与温室气体浓度有明显的相关性。 Human activity greatly increases the amounts of these greenhouse gases. 人类活动显著升高了这些温室气体的数量。 9. 臭氧层破坏: Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light and is split into an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom:紫外线 Oxygen molecule is also split by ultraviolet light to form oxygen atoms:紫外线 Recombination of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules allow ozone to be formed again and to be available to absorb more ultraviolet light:重组 This series of reactions results in the absorption of 99% of the ultraviolet light energy coming from the sun.这个过程吸收了99％的紫外线。 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are strongly implicated in the ozone reduction in the up atmosphere. 氟氯化碳破坏臭氧 These reactions both destroy ozone. 1979－1986年TOMS测得的总臭氧全球平均值 注：Dobson单位 － 将0°C，标准海平面压力下，10－5m厚的臭氧 定义为一个Dobson单位 1979－1986年总臭氧纬向平均值的趋势 10. 室内空气污染 燃油发热器 地毯 合成板 塑料 吸烟的危害 吸烟者的黑肺与正常肺的对比 二、大气污染的影响 1. 对人体健康的影响 CO对人体健康的影响 CO（10-6） 对人体健康的影响 5－10 对呼吸道患者有影响 30 人滞留8h，视力及神经机能出现障碍 40 人滞留8h，出现气喘 120 1h接触，中毒，血液中CO—Hb10%