lect18-数据路径幻灯片.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 18: Datapath Functional Units CMOS VLSI Design CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. Lecture 18: DatapathFunctionalUnits 18: Datapath Functional Units * Outline Comparators Shifters Multi-input Adders Multipliers 18: Datapath Functional Units * Comparators 0’s detector: A = 00…000 1’s detector: A = 11…111 Equality comparator: A = B Magnitude comparator: A B 18: Datapath Functional Units * 1’s 0’s Detectors 1’s detector: N-input AND gate 0’s detector: NOTs + 1’s detector (N-input NOR) 18: Datapath Functional Units * Equality Comparator Check if each bit is equal (XNOR, aka equality gate) 1’s detect on bitwise equality 18: Datapath Functional Units * Magnitude Comparator Compute B – A and look at sign B – A = B + ~A + 1 For unsigned numbers, carry out is sign bit 18: Datapath Functional Units * Signed vs. Unsigned For signed numbers, comparison is harder C: carry out Z: zero (all bits of B – A are 0) N: negative (MSB of result) V: overflow (inputs had different signs, output sign ? B) S: N xor V (sign of result) 18: Datapath Functional Units * Shifters Logical Shift: Shifts number left or right and fills with 0’s 1011 LSR 1 = 0101 1011 LSL1 = 0110 Arithmetic Shift: Shifts number left or right. Rt shift sign extends 1011 ASR1 = 1101 1011 ASL1 = 0110 Rotate: Shifts number left or right and fills with lost bits 1011 ROR1 = 1101 1011 ROL1 = 0111 18: Datapath Functional Units * Funnel Shifter A funnel shifter can do all six types of shifts Selects N-bit field Y from 2N–1-bit input Shift by k bits (0 ? k N) Logically involves N N:1 multiplexers 18: Datapath Functional Units * Funnel Source Generator Rotate Right Logical Right Arithmetic Right Rotate Left Logical/Arithmetic Left 18: Datapath Functional Units * Array Funnel Shifter N N-input multiplexers Use 1-of-N hot select signals for shift amount nMOS pass transistor design (Vt drops!) 18: Datapath Functional Units * Logarithmic Funnel Shifter Log N stages o