汽车专业英语_2_AUTOMOTIVEENGINE.pptVIP

2.3.5 Other engine systems An engine will run with the four basic systems described above—fuel, ignition, lubricating, and cooling. However, three other related systems are also necessary. These are the exhaust sys-tem, the emission-control system, and the starting system. 译文：发动机运转需要上述4个基本系统－燃料、点火、润滑和冷却。但是，还有另外三个相关系统也是必需的。它们是排放系统、废气处理（排气净化）系统和起动系统。 The exhaust system reduces the noise of the burned gases leaving the engine cylinders and car-ries these exhaust gases safely away from the people in the car. The emission-control system is re-quired by law to reduce the air pollution the engine could produce. 译文：排放系统功能，一方面减小燃烧废气排出气缸时所产生的噪声，另一方面把这些废气从车中乘客身边安全带走。废气处理（排放控制）系统是法规所要求的用来降低发动机所产生的空气污染。 The starting system is needed to crank the engine. A battery provides the electric power to operate the starting motor and the ignition system during cranking. 译文：起动系统用来转动发动机曲轴。蓄电池在起动时为开动起动机和点火系统提供电力。 The internal combustion engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel （gasoline or diesel fuel） into heat energy, and then to convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy. Chapter 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE 2.4 Energy Conversion 译文：内燃机是一种把（汽油或柴油）燃料的化学能转变成热能，再转换成可利用的机械能的装置。 This is achieved by combining the appropriate amounts of air and fuel, and burning the mixture in an enclosed cylinder at a controlled rate. A movable piston in the cylinder is forced down by the expanding gases of combustion. 译文：这通过混合适量的空气和燃料，并在密闭的汽缸中按照控制速度燃烧来实现。气缸中活塞由燃烧气体膨胀作功来压下。 An average air/fuel ratio for good combustion is about 15 parts of air to 1 part of fuel by weight. This means that for every gallon of gasoline burned, the oxygen is about 9,000 to 10,000 gallons of air is required. Air is about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. 译文：燃烧良好的空燃比，按质量平均大约是15：1。这意味着每加仑汽油完全燃烧所需的空气质量大约在9000到10000加仑。空气中氧气成份点21%，氮气占78%。 Diesel engines operate on a much wider air/fuel ratio, since air intake is not regulated on most diesels. Ratios may range from about 20:1 to about 100:1. The fact, plus