英语中的构词法.docxVIP

英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。 转化法 ●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth?water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。（n→v） ●We will try our best to?betterour living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（a→v） ●He didn’t know the difference between?right and?wrong. 他不辨是非。（a→n） ●The?old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。（a→n） ●Life is full of?upsand?downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。 ●His argument contains too many?ifsand?buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。 二. 合成法 三. 派生法 由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。 1. 前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。 （1）表示否定意义的前缀 ●un- unhappy unfinished undress ●dis- disagree disbelieve ●in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular ●mis- misbehave mislead mistake ●non- nonstop nonsmoker （2）表示其他意义的前缀 ●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage ●inter- “相互”international intercontinental ●re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle ●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph ●auto- “自动的”automatic automobile a-“在……上面/里面/前面” aboard ahead ●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist ●anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear ●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor kilo-“千” kilometre kilogram ●bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral ●micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer ●over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate ●self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control ●under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate super- “在上面，超级” supermarket superman semi- “半” semicircle （半圆） semifinal（半决赛） 2. 后缀 （1）形容词后缀 ●-able/ible “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable ●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political ●-an/ian/ese “属于某地方的人”American African;Russian;Chinese ●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern ●-ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless ●-ish “如……的；有……特征的；……国家的”foolish childish selfish ●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive ●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen ●-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous ●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily ●-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy -ic/ical “有……性的” economic politica