第五周 系统安全分析方法3 事故树分析FTA—定性分析.ppt

* * * 菱形符号也称为二次事件，原则上应进一步分析其原因但在该事故树分析中暂时不必或不能分析的事件，通常为导致元件失效的事件 * * * * * * * * * 成功树：我们把事故树的事件发生用事件不发生代替，把与门用或门代替，或门用与门代替，得到与原事故树对偶的成功树， 就可以利用成功树求出原事故树的最小径集。 对于成功树，它的最小割集是使其顶上事件（原事故树顶上事件的补事件）发生的一种途径，即使原事故树顶上事件不发生的一种途径。所以，成功树的最小割集就是原事故树的最小径集。 只要求出成功树的最小割集，也就求出了原事故树的最小径集。 * * * * 河南理工大学 王兰云 Functions of Minimal Cut Set and Minimal Path Set in FTA B．Functions of minimal path set Exhibit security of system Choose the optimal plan to ensure security of system 事故树中最小径集越多，说明控制顶上事件不发生的方案越多，系统的安全性越高。 The most economical and effective fault-controlling plan should be chosen according to the amount of basic event in minimal path set, difficulties in technology, time that needs and the fund invested. 一般来说，控制少事件最小径集中的基本事件比控制多个基本事件省工、省事、经济、有效。有时少事件径集中的基本事件由于经济或技术上的原因，难以控制，这种情况下应选择其他方案。 Functions of Minimal Cut Set and Minimal Path Set in FTA C．Using minimal path set and minimal cut set can evaluate the structure importance of basic event and calculate the occurrence probability of top event in FT. 河南理工大学 王兰云 河南理工大学 王兰云 重要度分析 基本事件重要度分析 定义 底事件或最小割集对顶事件发生的贡献 目的 确定薄弱环节和改进设计方案 重要度分类 结构重要度 Structure Importance 概率重要度 Probability Importance 临界重要度 Criticality Importance 河南理工大学 王兰云 The effects of a basic event imposed on top event exhibit the importance degree of basic event. Basic event has different degrees of effects on top event in FT, which is dependent on two factors: the occurrence probability of each basic event and their places in FT model structure. Importance analysis of basic event must be executed in order to identify the event which is most likely to cause top event so as to make differentiation in terms of importance and emergence, take effective measures and control the occurrence of accidents. Importance Analysis of Basic Event 1 基本事件的结构重要度分析 ① Structure importance analysis only evaluates the effect degree of basic event on top event from FT structure neglecting the occurrence probability degree of basic event or assuming they have t