脂肪酸萜类和甾族化合物的生物合成.pptVIP

§23.4 脂肪酸,萜类和甾族化合物的生物合成 化工系 分0 赵月 002083 刘凯迪 002088 2002.5.22 几个生物学名词 酶(enzyme): 在生物反应中起催化作用的天然蛋白质。 辅酶(cofactor): 与蛋白质松弛结合的辅助因子。 底物(substrate): 被酶作用的物质称为该酶的底物。 基团反应中的辅酶 醇脱氢酶乙醇 乙醛NAD+ 基团反应中的辅酶 乙酰辅酶A 的性质： 脂肪酸的生物合成 前体是乙酸 合成过程 十六碳饱和脂肪酸（软脂酸）的合成 脂肪酸生物合成的前体是乙酸 同位素标记法验证 CH3CO2H CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO2H 在丙酮酸羧化酶的催化下丙二酸单酰辅酶A再将酰基转移到载体蛋白上 4. Fatty acids are synthesized by a repeating four-step reaction sequence In the condensation reaction (step 1), catalyzed by b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, the methylene group of malonyl-CoA (linked to ACP) undergoes a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl group linked to KS, forming the b-ketobutyryl-ACP with simultaneous elimination of CO2. the b-ketoacyl-ACP is then reduced to D-b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP (step 2), using NADPH and the b-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (KR). A water molecule is then removed from the b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP to produce trans-?2-butenoyl-ACP in a reaction catalyzed by b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP dehydratase (step 3). A further reduction (step 4), also using NADPH, of the carbon-carbon double in trans-?2-butenoyl-ACP, catalyzed by enoyl-ACP reductase produces a saturated acyl on ACP (butyryl-ACP). The butyryl group is then transferred to the Cys –SH group of b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase for another round of four reactions, which will extend the chain by two more carbons. Seven rounds of the four-step lengthening reaction produces palmitoyl-ACP, which will be hydrolyzed to release a free palmitate. A total of 7 ATP and 14 NADPH will be consumed for making one palmitate molecule. @@ @@ @@ @@ 萜类的生物合成 萜类生物合成的前体是3-甲基-3，5二羟基戊酸（甲瓦龙酸 ） 二萜的合成过程 *产物中异戊二烯单位是首尾相连的 *产物中异戊二烯单位是尾尾相连的 简单合成介绍单环或双环单