科技英语翻译中美学.ppt

科技英语翻译 —夏进 041020421 2012年4月 Accuracy精确美 EST: accurate, not ambiguous or polysemy →the authority of written discourse 科技文章用词要求准确，尽量避免含糊不清和一词多义，从而烘托出书卷话语的权威气氛。 e.g. That the vitamin is sensitive to light was recognized only later. 原译:维生素感光只是后来承认的。 改译:维生素的光敏效应( 或光敏作用) 只是后来才为人们所认识。 dog clutch(爪形离合器)、door to door delivery (送货上门)、walkie-talkie(步话机) faithfulness真实美 Various meanings → choose the most suitable meaning Context → change the meaning to cater to the context 科技文本要体现的是自然界的内在规律,讲究所述事物的客观性和准确性,因此在翻译时译文所表达的意义一定要与原文所表达的意义一致,做到准确无误.只有突出了科学上的真,才能作到真中见美“ e.g. All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 译文一:所有的物体都由分子和原子所组成. 译文二:所有的物体都是由分子组成,而分子又是由原子组成. Conciseness简约美 Nominalization in EST: 1) less subjects in sentences →objective; 2) less redundancy in sentences 名词化结构在科技英语中的广泛使用使句子变成名词短语，其作用有：一、可以较少使用人称主语，从而体现科技概念的客观性；二、可以避免结构臃肿。 e.g. It is a common property of any matter that is expanded when it is heated and it contracts when cooled. 译文一:任何物质,如果遇到热,它就会膨胀,如果遇到冷,它就会收缩,这是共性. 译文二:热胀冷缩是所有物质的共性. Conciseness简约美 E.g. 如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能确定地下的几何形状并估算出与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。 Original translation: If we measure the seismic travel time and amplitude, we can define the surface geometry and give estimate of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities. Improved translation: (impersonal noun as the subject of the sentence) Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities. Parallelism整齐美 Reasonable sentences structure in EST: two unequal different concepts → 1) mail-clause construction ; 2) parallelism 科技英语的客观性、准确性和严密性要求采用合理的句子结构。如果一句话里包含两个以上的不同概念，而它们又不是同等重要时，需采用主从结构；反之，当一个句子有两个意义对等、起相同语法功能的并列成分时，则采用并列结构。 e.g. 1)制造方法可分为单件生产和批量生产，单件生产指小批量的生产，批量生产指大量相同零件的生产。 English Translation: Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical p