Chapter 10 Heat Exchanger (换热器)传热学 教学课件.pptVIP

10-4 Types of Heat Exchangers 1. Heat exchangers of double-pipe arrangement (套管式换热器). Either parallel flow (顺流) or counterflow (逆流) may be used with either hot or cold fluid occupying the annular space and the other fluid occupying the inside of the inner pipe. To increase the heat transfer area, units can be combined together as in figure (c). Chapter 10 Heat Exchanger (换热器) (a) Parallel Flow (b) Counterflow 2. Shell and tube heat exchangers (壳管式换热器). This type of heat exchanger is widely used in chemical-process industries. One fluid flows on the inside of the tubes, while the other fluid is forced through the shell and over the outside of the tubes. Shell and tube heat exchanger Baffle(挡板) Usually baffles are placed in the shell to ensure that the shell-side flow across the tubes and thus induce higher heat transfer. Depending on the head arrangement at the ends, one or more tube passes may be utilized. 3. Cross-flow heat exchangers (交叉流换热器). This type of heat exchanger is widely used in gas heating or cooling applications. In figure (a), the gas flowing across the tubes is said to be a mixed stream, while the fluid inside the tubes is said to be unmixed. In figure (c), both fluids are unmixed as they are confined in separate channels. 10-5 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (对数平均温差) 1. The log mean temperature difference Consider the double-pipe heat exchanger. The temperature difference between the two fluids varies along the exchanger. A suitable mean temperature ?tm should be determined to calculate the heat transfer between the two fluids: q = UA?tm where U is the overall heat-transfer coefficient. For the case of parallel flow: ?t = t1 – t2 d(?t) = dt1 – dt2 the heat transferred through an element of area dA is: For hot fluid: For cold fluid: Integration over the whole area yields: For hot fluid: For cold fluid: Substitution them into the above equation yields: This gives: Thus: The temperature difference is called the log mean temperature difference (LMT