冰山理论-中英.docxVIP

Iceberg Principle The iceberg principle is a writing theory stated by a famous American writer, Ernest Hemingway, as follows: If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. （冰山原则是一个写作理论由一位著名的美国作家,海明威,如下:如果一个作家的散文足够了解他写他可能忽略的事情,会有一种感觉的事情虽然作者说他们一样强烈。冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。一个好的作家不需要显示一个字符或动作的每个细节） Now this principle has been applied in various fields. We could regard the small part which can be easily noticed as the 1/8 of an iceberg, and the part can’t be easily noticed as the part under the surface. What can’t be seen is the most important, because it’s the base of an iceberg, what it to the part above water is what the root of a tree to the trunk. We may admire a famous person very much because of his wealth and fame, but how many people know the struggle and sufferings behind it? Are they dispensable? We can use the model of “iceberg principle”. His wealth and fame is the small part we can see, and his sufferings and struggle is the part under water, without it, the person wouldn’t have acquired the fame and wealth he owns today.（现在这一原则已经应用于各个领域。我们可以把这一部分很容易注意到冰山的1/8,和部分不容易注意到的部分表面。什么不可以被认为是最重要的,因为它是一座冰山的基础,它上面的部分水是什么根树的主干。我们可以欣赏一个非常著名的人因为他的财富和名声,但是有多少人知道它背后的挣扎和痛苦吗?他们是可有可无的吗?我们可以用“冰山原则”的模型。他的财富和名声是我们可以看到的一小部分,和他的苦难和斗争是在水下的部分,没有它,就不会获得名誉和财富的人他今天拥有。） This principle also could be used in teaching. The amount of material that teachers could present to their students is a small portion of the sum total of knowledge and skills that they possess. Like an iceberg, the level of expertise that is visible to the public is dependent upon a larger body of knowledge that is submerged out of sight. So, it is particularly important for instructors to continually increase their knowledge and ski