双三电平PWM变频器低开关频率技术研究(2014.6).docx

双三电平PWM变频器低开关频率技术研究 2014.6  摘要 作为一个拥有世界约1/5人口的大国，我国在能源环境问题上的态度关乎到人类社会的发展。我国早在2012年“十二五”规划中，就对节能减排工作做出了重要的指导，投入2万多亿元进行节能减排工程的建设。作为能源应用领域的重要一员，电机系统自然成为节能关注的重点。投入使用节能高效的电机，放弃落后设备，优化电机系统的控制运行，提高电机系统效率，推动电机大功率系统，成为电机系统的发展目标。而伴随电力电子技术的发展，大功率变频设备也得到了越来越广泛的应用。 为了达到节能减排的目的，不仅要求功率变频器能够满足常规的功能指标，而且还需要考虑与各类再生能源的并网能力，提高风能、太阳能等清洁能源的有效利用率。本文选用Back to Back型双电平变频器带电励磁同步电机负载。因为中压大功率变频器的负载和电网的谐波污染小，能量变换效率高，所以在环保方面显现出其优势。对于中压大功率变频器而言，其电能损耗主要来自于高电压、大功率情况下的功率器件开关损耗，所以为了降低功率器件的开关损耗，需要降低功率器件的开关频率，但降低频率后会带来一系列问题。 针对低开关频率造成的PWM整流器dq轴电流耦合严重、交流侧电流谐波畸变问题，对三电平电压源型PWM整流器进行了复矢量建模，理论分析了开关频率对dq轴电流耦合程度的影响。针对常规同步对称优化PWM算法，如SHEPWM等，只能离线计算、动态性能不佳的缺陷，本文首次将滚动时域优化与SHEPWM相结合的模型预测优化PWM模式移植至电励磁同步电机。为进一步提高双三电平PWM变频器系统运行性能，针对低调制度区采用的SVPWM调制算法，研究了一种基于桥臂优化选取的中点电位控制方法，只需判断中点电位差、无需引入输出侧电流，从而避免了低开关频率下电流畸变严重对中点电流极性判断影响。针对非理想电网环境，研究了一种能同时适用于单相和三相并网系统的SHE-PLL，跟踪性能良好且能大幅简化算法、便于数字化实现。同时讨论了电网不平衡时三电平电压源型PWM整流器在低开关频率下的控制策略。 Abstract As a country with a population of about 1/5, Chinas attitude towards energy and environment concerns the development of human society. China as early as 2012 12th Five-Year plan, will make an important guidance to the work of energy-saving emission reduction, construction investment 2 trillion yuan for energy-saving emission reduction projects. As an important part of the energy application field, the motor system has naturally become the focus of energy saving. Put into use energy efficient motor, abandon the backward equipment, optimize the motor system control operation, improve the efficiency of the motor system, promote the motor high-power system, become the development goal of the motor system. With the development of power electronic technology, high power frequency conversion equipment has also been more and more widely used. In order to achieve the purpose of energy saving, requires not only the power converter can meet the functional index of routine, but also need to consider the ability of grid energy and all kinds of regeneration, improve the effective use of clean energy such