语法专题九-虚拟语气.ppt

核心考点 对应演练 语法专题九　虚拟语气 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点一?虚拟语气用于条件句中 1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用would/should /could/might+动词原形。 (2014·北京)We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. 如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。 2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用had+过去分词;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 (2014·湖南)If Mr Dewey had been present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live/should live/lived there,she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. 格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 4.虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。 (2015·重庆)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 I was so busy then;otherwise,I would have gone to help him. 那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。 (2014·浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help. 我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。 5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2013·北京)If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况) If I were you,I would have gone abroad. 如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况) 6.省略if的虚拟语气 如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。 If I were you,I would go to the party.→Were I you,I would go to the party. 如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 If it should happen,what would you do?→Should it happen,what would you do? 如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么? If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier