太阳能电池-公开课件（讲义）.pptVIP

Solar cells 组员：冷月、张丽娟、丁洋、颜佩国、赵帅、邓坤 Outline Definition of solar cells Operating principle of solar cells History of solar cells Types of solar cells Two popular main solar cells Factors affecting solar cell performance Applications Conclusion Definition of solar cells Solar cells are the devices that take light energy as input and convert it into electrical energy Light energy Solar cell - converts light energy to electricity Electrical energy (carried through wires) Operating principle of solar cells First: Light with energy greater than the band gap energy of the material is absorbed; Second: Energy is given to an electron in the material; Third: The energy excites the electron and then it is free to move; History 1839 Becquerel Observed that there was a light dependant voltage between two electrode immersed in an electrolyte. 1876 The same effect was demonstrated in selenium 1941 First silicon based solar cell demonstrated 1954 Beginning of modern solar cell research Types of Solar Cells Amorphous Used in calculators Formed at one piece The efficiency of amorphous solar panels is not as high Poly Crystalline Solar Cells Crystalline wired in series to produce solar panels. 0.5V - 0.6V cheaper to produce than single crystal cell Two Popular Main Solar Cells In dye-sensitized solar cells Talk about highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) In single-crystal silicon solar cells Talk about “conduction band” (excited states) and “valence band” (ground states) How a Dye-Sensitized Cell Works Click image to launch animation (requires web access) Light with high enough energy excites electrons in dye molecules Excited electrons infused into semiconducting TiO2, transported out of cell Positive “holes” left in dye molecules Separation of excited electrons and “holes” creates a voltage How a Silicon-Based Solar Cell Works A positive “hole” is left in the electron’s place This separation of electrons