研究生专业英语秋.ppt

结构一致（The consistence of structure） C.词序平行， 词序安排要符合英语的习惯和规律。有些与汉语词序一致： 科学与技术海洋 理论与实践 优缺点 进出口 国内外 正负 结构一致（The consistence of structure） 有些与汉语不同： 新旧： old and new 能量的增损 loss and gain of energy 软硬材料 hard and soft materials 在理化方面 in chemistry and physics 在左右两侧 on the right and left sides 动植物 plants and animals/animals and plants 数量与质 quantity and quality/ quality and quantity 直接与间接 directly and indirectly/ indirectly and directly 左右 right and left 前后 back and fore 结构一致（The consistence of structure） D.平行词序规则 1. 英语是由小到大， 由轻到重， 汉语多数相反。 There are many small and medium-sized enterprises in the city. 2. 英语是由短到长，由短语到从句，即短的词在前，长的在后，短语在前，从句在后。 3. 按动作先后排序，先发生的在前，后发生的在后。与汉语习惯一样。 In soya the antisera against 2s, 7s and 11s globulins were isolated, frozen in liquid nitrogen, lyophilized, and stored in a freezer. Home work (the3rd time ) What are differences between the expressions for increase by multiple (times or folds) and percent in Chinese and in English? Elucidate the expression for decrease by fraction or percent in Chinese and in English? What are differences between expressions for multiple (times or folds) with and without hyphen “-”? Home work (the3rd time ) 英语中增加几倍的说法与汉语稍有不同：汉语中有两种方式，一种包括基数，如A为B的三倍；另一种不包括基数，如A比B多2倍。而英语中仅有一种即包括基数的表示方法，例如： 1.氧原子的重量差不多是氢原子的16倍。 The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom. 2.氦的原子量是氢原子的四倍。 The atomic weight of helium is 4 times heavier than that of hydrogen.(尽管用了比较级仍为四倍不是五倍) 3. 声音在铜中的传播速度几乎比铅中快两倍。 Sound travels nearly 3 times faster in copper than in lead. 4.用这种方法生产的产量比前法增加两倍。 Production in this way has increased 3 times （over） that of the previous method.(在increased 后加“to” 或“by” 意义不变，即….has increased to 3 times….或by 3 times….. ) Home work (the3rd time ) 5. 1993年的产量为1983年的3倍（比1983增加2倍） (A) The output in 1993 increased (by or to) 3 fold more than that in 1983. (B) The output in 1993 went up by a factor of 3 as much as tha