温度和湿度对越冬后苹果褐斑病菌产孢的影响-中国农业科学.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2011,44(7): 1367-1374 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.07.008 温度和湿度对越冬后苹果褐斑病菌产孢的影响 高月娥，李保华，董向丽，王彩霞，李桂舫，李宝笃 （青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院，山东青岛266109 ） 摘要：【目的】褐斑病是引起苹果早期落叶的主要病害之一，本研究通过测定越冬后病菌的产孢条件和动态， 明确褐斑病初侵染孢子的形成期和形成量，为病害前期防控提供参考和依据。【方法】2009—2010 年在培养箱控 温、控湿条件下测定越冬后褐斑病菌产孢所需温度、湿度条件和动态。【结果】越冬后的褐斑病菌在0—30℃都产 生拟分生孢子，最适产孢温度为15.5℃。越冬后病菌产孢需要高湿条件。将越冬病叶湿润或直接置于相对湿度97% 以上的环境中，病菌在6 h 内产生大量拟分生孢子。3 月初采集的越冬病叶，在15 或20℃下经36 h 以上保湿处 理后产生少量子囊盘，子囊盘的检出频率为 0.34%。5 月下旬采集的越冬病叶中，子囊盘的检出频率升至5.3%， 形成子囊盘的越冬病叶达27%。【结论】春季，当日均气温达到或超过5℃，遇5 mm 以上的降雨，被湿润的越冬病 叶6 h 内可产生大量拟分生孢子。当日均温接近或超过15℃时，遇24 h 以上的阴雨过程，越冬后病菌就产生子 囊孢子。拟分生孢子和子囊孢子均具致病性，为褐斑病的初侵染提供大量菌源。 关键词：苹果褐斑病菌；越冬后病菌；产孢；分生孢子；子囊孢子 Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Sporulation of Diplocarpon mali on Overwintered Apple Leaves GAO Yue-e, LI Bao-hua, DONG Xiang-li, WANG Cai-xia, LI Gui-fang, LI Bao-du (College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong) Abstract: 【Objective 】Leaf brown spot is a main disease causing defoliation of apple tree in early season. Information about sporulation condition and dynamic of the fungus on overwintered leaves is prerequisite for determining primary infection season and primary inoculum quantity, which are helpful for effectivecontrol of the disease. 【Method 】Effects of temperature and moisture on sporulation of Diplocarpon mali on overwintered apple leaves were tested under controlled environments in 2009 and 2010. 【Result 】 Results showed that the overwintered fungus produced pseudoconidia at temperature ranging from 0 to 30 ℃with an optimum at 15.5℃. Being wetted or in high relative humidity environment was necessary for overwintered fungus to produce pseudoconidia. Aft