Lesson 8 科技翻译-英译汉.pptVIP

Contents 1. Features of scientific and technological English, its translation steps and criteria 2. Corresponding translation skills -- 2.1 Choosing words’ meanings -- 2.2 Conversion of part of speech -- 2.3 Conversion of voices -- 2.4 Conversion of sentence patterns -- 2.5 Long sentences translation 3. Summery, practice, and homework 2. Corresponding translation skills -- 2.1 Choosing words’ meanings -- 2.2 Conversion of part of speech -- 2.3 Conversion of voices -- 2.4 Conversion of sentence patterns -- 2.5 Long sentences translation 2.2 Conversion of part of speech词类转换 Tips: Nouns → 动词、形容词、副词 Verbs → 名词、形容词 Adjectives →名词、动词、副词 Adverbs →名词、 动词、形容词 Prepositions →名词、 动词、副词 定语从句的翻译（一） 定语从句：从句与主句间表面是限定和修饰的关系 逻辑关系：可大致分为1. 原因、2. 条件、3. 让步、4. 结果、5. 目的等关系，或是6. 与主句形成对比，或是7. 对主句加以评论 因此在英译汉过程中，应当透过表面，弄清真正逻辑关系，然后在译文中通过改变句式，充分体现这样的逻辑关系。 2.5 科技英语中长句和复杂句翻译 英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点：一是对原文的准确理解，二是恰如其分的表达。 理解阶段可分为3个步骤：1.扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓；2.辨清该句的主从结构，并根据上下文领会全句的要旨；3.找出句与句之间的从属关系，理清每句原文的意思。 最常见的长句处理方法是化整为零，分散解决。此外，还有拆译法、插入标点法、重组法等。对于译者来说，最重要的问题是怎样把握好译文的要点，安排好译文的框架结构，形成准确、通顺的译文。 1. 切分法 切分法为翻译英语长句的最常见的方法，将英语长句按意群切分为若干小句再逐句翻译。 1) Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代地生存下来。 2) Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature. 塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。 3) Steel is usually made where the iron ore is smelted, so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity, taking in raw