电子信息类专业英语第3章.pptVIP

Text　　Electronic amplifiers are used mainly to increase the voltage, current, or power of a signal. A liner amplifier provides signal amplification with little or no distortion, so that the output is proportional to the input. A nonlinear amplifier may produce a considerable change in the waveform of the signal. Linear amplifiers are used for audio and video signals, whereas nonlinear amplifiers find use in oscillators, power electronics, modulators, mixers, logic circuits, and other applications where an amplitude cutoff is desired. Today either discrete transistor circuits or integrated circuits are mostly used. 　　Nowadays, transistors are the most important device in electronic amplifiers. When the BE junction is forward biased, and the BC junction is reverse biased, the base current iB can control the collector current iC, represented by the formula iC=βiB. There are three fundamental configurations in terms of connecting transistors in a circuit (as shown in Fig.3-1): common-emitter, common-collector and common-base. Fig. 3-1 Three Basic Configurations of Transistor Amplifiers 　　In the common-base connection, as the input current iE is approximately equal to the output current iC, it is called the current follower. In this configuration, the circuit has low input impedance and high output impedance. The voltage gain Au＞0, that means the output and the input is in-phase. The CB configuration circuit is mainly used in high frequency and wide band circuits. 　　For the transistor voltage amplifier, often it is a small alternating voltage that has to be amplified. A bipolar junction transistor in the common-emitter mode can act as a voltage amplifier if the transistor has a proper bias and a suitable resistor, called the load, is connected in the collector circuit. This configuration has more moderate input and output impedance than the common-base circuit. It provides both current gain and voltage gain, moreover Au＜0. 　　The third type of connection is the common-