chap1.2 R语言介绍幻灯片.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 例子: total=0 for(i in c(1,2,4,5,9)) + { + total=total+i + } total [1] 21 (2) if语句 if (条件式) {} else{} 例子： x=1 if (x1) {x is less than one} else{x is greater than or equal to one} [1] x is greater than or equal to one (3) while语句 While(条件式) {} max.power=function(x,y) + { + if(xy x0) + if(x1){ + i=1 + total=x + while(total*xy){ + i=i+1 + total=total*x + } + i + } + else Infinity + else NULL + } max.power(2,100) [1] 6 max.power(2,1) NULL max.power(0.5,100) [1] “Infinity” 4 Apply函数 不用Apply: get.mean=function(x) + { + report=rep(0,4) + for(i in 1:4) + report[i]=mean(x[,i]) + report + } data(iris) get.mean(iris) [1] 5.843333 3.057333 3.758000 1.199333 用Apply函数： get.mean(iris) [1] 5.843333 3.057333 3.758000 1.199333 apply(iris[,1:4],2,mean) Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width 5.843333 3.057333 3.758000 1.199333 第五章 统计模型 1 回归模型 lm(因变量~自变量+自变量+…[-1]) data(faithful) attach(faithful) names(faithful) [1] eruptions waiting plot(eruptions, waiting) lm(waiting~eruptions) Call: lm(formula = waiting ~ eruptions) Coefficients: (Intercept) eruptions 33.47 10.73 lm(waiting~eruptions-1) Call: lm(formula = waiting ~ eruptions - 1) Coefficients: eruptions 19.40 faithful.lm=lm(waiting~eruptions) summary(faithful.lm) Call: lm(formula = waiting ~ eruptions) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -12.0796 -4.4831 0.2122 3.9246 15.9719 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(|t|) (Intercept) 33.4744 1.1549 28.98 2e-16 *** eruptions 10.7296 0.3148 34.09 2e-16 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 Residual standard error: 5.914 on 270 degrees of freedo