隆回一中袁志带你玩转高考语法句子结构.docVIP

隆回一中高三英语语法复习教学案 句法复习部分——句子 句子的成分 学案编订：袁志 QQ2673780736（隆回一中） 审定：肖俐老师 本资料的编写是源于湖南省著名英语教育专家罗玉南恩师和肖俐老师的教诲 句子由各个部分组成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子开头的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有句号、问号或感叹号。 句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主要成分有主语和谓语（英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语 主语的概述 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的过去分词、名词化的形容词、名词化的介词、从句主语等等构成，位置一般在句首。〖但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。〗 名词作主语His room is very tidy 代词作主语We often speak English in class. 数词作主语One-third of the students in this class are girls. 动名词和不定式作主语Smoking does harm to the health. 词组或复合结构作主语 主语从句做主语When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 名词化的过去分词作主语 名词化的形容词作主语The rich should help the poor. 名词化的介词作主语 形式主语和真正主语 当句子主语是动名词、不定式短语、主语从句时，通常把这些真正主语放在谓语动词的后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首。作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的是句子的逻辑主语（真正主语），概括起来会有如下情况： 不定式作逻辑主语 如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time. It is my pleasure to address the meeting. It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own. 从句作逻辑主语 如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out. 　 It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity. 动名词短语作逻辑主语 这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高，主要在（no good,waste,useless,no use,dangerous）等词语的后面用 如：It is no use reasoning with him. It is no good reading in dim light. 作形式主语的代词只能用it ，不能用that，this等词。 ※高中阶段关于it作形式主语的常见用法小结——乱序版※ 1.It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ... 该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear /obvious/true/possible/certain… that … 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very