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- 2019-10-25 发布于安徽
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学习参考
初二英语动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是动词的一种特殊形式, 它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语;它由 “to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to+ 动词原形”. 在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法,现总结如下:
一、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语,例如 To think of the animals in danger is sad .为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置,如It is sad to think of the animals in danger . 常用句型:It +be+adj./n to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
二、动词不定式作宾语
一些动词,如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等,常接动词不定式作宾语。 应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同。常见的有:(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事(2)try to do sth. 尽力做某事;try doing sth.尝试做某事(3)remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记去做某事;remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事。下列动词(enjoy finish keep mind practice spend advise suggest allow)后面不能用不定式,用动名词作宾语
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语
有些动词,如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。而表示使役动词和感官动词后面的宾语补足语时应省去to,(在被动语态中应加上to)。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无)”。
四、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的they did lots of work to save the candas等。,表结果,常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth. adj./adv.enough + to do sth,表原因be +形容词+ to do sth 如 I am surprised to hear the news.为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order或so as to。
五、动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has +某事+to do”(some words to say, nothing to do,enough place to live)“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
六、特殊疑问词+不定式
特殊疑问词what when why how where 等可以和不定式连用在句子做各种成分。如How to use compurers is a problem. I can`t decide when to do it .
动词不定式专项训练题:
一、单项选择。
1. _______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.
A. This B. That C. It D. Its
2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.
A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going
3. They have no paper_______.
A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on
4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired a
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