脊椎和无脊椎动物的免疫系统.pptVIP

Innate immunity in vertebrates – inflammation. Inflammation involves: Vasodilation - swelling. adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells of post-capillary venule, emigration of phagocytes into tissues. redness (blood flow). pain (prostaglandins bind to nerve receptors). heat (pyrogens). Inflammation localised to area of infection / injury by release of substances from micro-organisms or chemical mediators released from cells in tissues, e.g. histamine from mast cells. Once organisms are destroyed inflammation settles down (resolves). Acquired immunity (only in vertebrates). Also