语言测试教案4.pptVIP

Chapter Four  Testing Specifications  (考试规范的制定) I. What are the test specifications According to Alderson et al ( 2001, p 9) , testing specification is defined as “ to provide the official statement about what the test tests and how it tests it. The specifications are the blueprint to be followed by test and item writers, and they are also essential in the establishment of the test’s construct validity.” Deriving from this is another definition : the test syllabus. They can be used sometimes interchangeably, like in UK examinations boards. However there is st