第六讲 高中英语语法 情态动词讲解和练习.doc

情态动词总结 ?I 情态动词的特征： 本身有词义。 不能独立作谓语。 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 不随人称和数的变化。 II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法： 1. can 与could用法 对比点 can could 1、表“能力” Can you lift this heavy box? I couldn’t understand what he said at all. 2、表“许可” You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike. 3、“怀疑” No, no, it can’t be true. What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless? 4、can与be able to 区别 could代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can can (能够)=be able to(仅表能力时)，但be able to 表示一番努力后， 才能做得到，且有更多的时态。 2.may与 might用法 对比点 may might 1．表“询问” May I …?(=Can I …?) Might I …?(=Could I…?) (但比用may 更客气) 2.表“允许” You may take the boy there. He told me he might come. (might 与told相呼应) 3．表“可能”“或许” She may nor like this place. I’m afraid he might not like this play. 注： 1. May I…?的答语。 2. may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed ! 3. may (might) 用于目的状语从句。 肯定：Yes, you may. 否定：No, you mustn’t 不行 （语气强硬） No, you may not 或No, you’d better not. The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. 3. must与have to用法 对比点 must have to 1. 表“必须” （主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。 He told me I must do according to what he said. （客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’s raining heavily, we can’t go now. 2. 疑问句 Must I …? Yes, you must.（一定） No, you needn’t./ you don’t have to. (不必) Do you have to go today? Yes, we do. You don’t have to worry about that. 4. need与dare用法 对比点 need dare 1.情态v.+动词原形 1）否定式 2）疑问式 He need not (needn’t)go. ---Need we do it again? ---No, you needn’t do it again. He dare not say so. Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say I’m unfair? If he dare do that, he’ll be punished. I dare say. (固定用法) 2.实义v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式 He needs to go. He doesn’t (does not) need to go. Does he need to do it again? No, he doesn’t need ot do it again. He dares to say. He does not(doesn’t)dare to say. If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I . 3. did not need to do表示过去没必要做 She didn’t need to attend the meeting yes