比较等级比较结构.pptVIP

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  • 2019-11-04 发布于浙江
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Comparison and Comparative Construction 比较等级和比较结构 1.形容词和副词的比较等级 2.比较结构 3.关于比较结构用法的补充说明 原级: Positive Degree 比较级:Comparative Degree 最高级:Superlative Degree 1.形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式: “综合形式”:由原级后加后缀 –er 和 –est 构成 kind kinder kindest 2.“分析形式”:在原级之前加more和most构成 difficult more difficult most difficult 副词的比较级和最高级的规则形式的构成与形容词的比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节副词通常采用综合形式。以 –ly 结尾的副词以及某些频度副词则多采用分析形式。 2.比较结构 形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构(Comparative Construction)。英语比较结构主要的有三种:as…as结构,more…than结构和the most…结构。英语中有几个不定限定词和不定代词也有原级、比较级和最高级。它们是many / much,more,most;few,fewer,fewest;little,less,least。它们用在句中也能形成比较结构。 1. as…as结构 这种结构的基本模式是:as +形容词或副词原级 + as-分句。 John is as bright as Bob. John behaves as politely as Bob (does). 这种比较结构的否定形式是:not so / as +形容词或副 词原形 + as-分句。 还可以用less…than结构来表示: John is less bright than Bob. John behaves less politely than Bob as…as结构的另一种模式是:as much / many +名词+as-分句,这时many / much是限定词。例如: He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother (has). as…as结构还有一个变体形式:as + 形容词原级 + 名词词组 + as-分句。 George is as efficient a worker as Jack. Hardly ever have I heard as impressive music as this. 否定形式是: He didn’t take so / as much butter as he needed. She hasn’t written so / as many essays as her brother (has). 2. more…than结构 这种结构的基本模式是:形容词或副词比较级 + than-分句。 例如: John is brighter than Bob. 这种比较结构的否定形式是用less…than表示: This car runs less fast than that one. 也可用not so / as…as表示: This car doesn’t run so / as fast as that one. more…than结构的另一种模式是:限定词more / less / fewer + 名词 + that-分句。例如: She has written more essays than he. more…than结构的另一种变体形式是“定冠词+形容词或副词比较级+of-词组”。例如: John is the brighter of the two boys. more…than结构也有其变体形式,其中之一是:形容词比较级 + 名词 + that-分句。例如: John is a more efficient worker than Jack. 可转换为名词词组 + more…than结构作后置修饰语。 John is a worker more efficient than Jack . 3. “(the)+ 形容词/副词最高级 + 比较范围”结构 如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,就要使用形容词和副词的最

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