英语句子成分的详细介绍+举例.ppt

句子成分的定义 在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分由词或词组充当。 一、主语（subject） 主语 (Subject)： 一个句子所叙述的主体。 一般位于句首。 但 there be结构 疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时） 倒装句。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语（object） 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成 1、简单谓语： 由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 三、表语(Predicative) 1、作用：说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份 2、位置：一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 3、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。 系动词的种类 1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher.  2）持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： You’d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。 I? remained silent. 我仍然缄默。 The window stayed open all the night. 3）表像系动词 表示“看起来像”这一概念 主要有seem, appear, look 例如： He seems (to be) very sad. It appeared (to be) a true story. 看来这是一个真实的故事。 4）感官系动词 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样 主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：He became mad after that.?? 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作 主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 例如： The rumor proved （to be）false. His plan turned out （to be）a success.?? 表语 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty one? 表语 1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词） 3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby is playing football. 8.The meeting is of great importance. 9.Time is up. The class is over. 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 6.His