1第一章 石墨烯材料.pptVIP

As with many other quantum phenomena, the observation of the QHE usually requires low temperatures,typically below the boiling point of liquid helium (1). Efforts to extend the QHE temperature range by, for example, using semiconductors with small effective masses of charge carriers have so far failed to reach temperatures above 30 K。We show that in graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms tightly packed in a honeycomb crystal lat- tice, the QHE can be observed even at room temperature. This is due to the highly unusual nature of charge carriers in graphene, which behave as massless relativist