公共产品导论.pptVIP

光谱 私人产品 公共产品 市场失效与政府干预 ——公共产品 ——外部性（外溢性、外部效应） ——规模报酬递增（自然垄断） ——信息不对称 ——收入分配不公 ——经济不稳定 狭义和广义公共产品 资源配置 收入分配 经济稳定 公共产品与公共服务 ——公共服务型政府 How to stop the drug wars Failed states and failed policies Mar 5th 2009From The Economist print edition Prohibition has failed; legalisation is the least bad solution 一百来年的禁毒史 技术上可能吗？ 知识 John Leach, A Course in Public Economics, Cambridge University Press, 2004. (上海财经大学出版社2005年重印) Once something is known, that knowledge can be used by anyone, and its use by any one person does not preclude its use by others. Our use of calculus to study economics, Others use of calculus to study industry and science Public consumption goods Public factors of production In 1900, the only “digital technology” was telegraph Knowledge is a public good whose creation requires the expenditure of scarce resources, and which has profound implications for economic welfare. The question of whether a competitive system would allocate sufficient resources to its production is then of crucial importance. No. Innovators are driven by many things: curiosity, altruism, desire for fame or fortune----but they must still put food on their tables and equipment in their laboratories, To depend at least in part on economic incentives Social cost of additional research =social benefit 知识 布赖恩·卡欣Brian Kahin and哈尔·瓦里安 Hal R. Varian：Internet Publishing and Beyond: The Economics of Digital Information,《传媒经济学：数字信息经济学与知识产权》，中信出版社，2003年。（英文2000年） 信息的复制与传播成本几乎为零，至少对文本信息是这样。我的浏览不影响你的浏览 知识 出版商如何收费？营销方式的改变，大不列颠百科全书，广告支撑 现刊不收费 从收费到不收费 Varian /~hal New! Hal R. Varian I am a professor in the School of Information, the Haas School of Business, and the Department of Economics at the University of California at Berkeley. I am currently on leave from Berkeley and am serving as Chief Economist at Google. 知识 电子出版盈利模式 中文世界与英文世界有何不同？ 复印与盗版 收入再分配 People do care about the welfare of others. 人们的确关心其他人的福利 Government-mandated and voluntary redistribution 政府强制性再分