英语修辞手法metonymy and synecdoche.ppt

Metonymy  Synecdoche ;Contents;1.The Definition of Metonymy A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of the White House for the United States government or president, of the bottle for wine or alcohol, of the bar for the legal profession and the crown for the king, etc. 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。; This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name, the substituted name suggesting the thing meant. Its function is to express an idea briefly and effectively by compressing much into a single word or a short noun phrase. The following is a list of metonymies: ;Classification;4、Location Metonymy (1)The Place for the Event Let’s not let Thailand become another Vietnam. (2) The Place for the People The whole city is excited. The whole town showed up. 5. body part as a name for the sense, behavior or ability He has a good ear for music. (The ability to appreciate or enjoy) He has a sharp tongue. (Using biting or severe words in speech) 6. Name of a clear sign of an object or a person as a name for the object or the person Those big noses, blue eyes and yellow hair taught them English. (Foreigners who possess these features);;10、Concrete - Abstract Metonymy (1) Concrete for Abstract The pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). (2) Abstract for Concrete Frank’s Mr. Hyde was a charmer（魔术师）, but his Dr. Jekyll was frightening, truly frightening. 此处作者借Mr. Hyde 和Dr. Jekyll 这两个具体的小说人物指代其典型性格特征,前者性情随和，后者性情暴躁 11、The common —— the Specific Metonymy Tom, Dick and Harry ——normal person Ivan ——the Russian people; John Bull —— the British people He is short and fat, with a tall hat on hi