北京交通干线周围可吸入大气颗粒物的污染特性.pdf

中国环境科学 2010,30(7) ：962~966 China Environmental Science 北京市交通干线周围可吸入大气颗粒物的污染特性 * 杨仪方,钱 枫 ,张慧峰,边 森,唐玉佳 (北京工商大学化学与环境工程学院,北京 100048) 摘要：采用 Anderson 撞击法分级采样器于 2009 年 3~6 月对北京市航天桥周围可吸入大气颗粒物进行分级采样分析.利用扫描电子显 微镜(SEM)及 X 射线能谱仪(EDS)观察测量样品的微观形貌及元素相对含量.根据形貌及元素含量,9 类颗粒物被识别.利用等离子电感 耦合质谱仪(ICP-MS)对颗粒物中的主要元素质量浓度进行了测定,发现交通干线周围大气 PM10 中 Ca 、Mg 、Fe 等元素质量浓度随粒径 减小而减小,Pb、Zn 、Ni 、Hg 等元素的浓度却随粒径减小而增大,粒径小于 3.3µm 的颗粒 Pb, Hg, Zn 浓度增加更为显著.利用 FA( 因子 分析)进行源解析.结果表明,交通干线周围大气颗粒物组成中,建筑及自然扬尘贡献率最大占 44.0%;汽车尾气及交通道路尘贡献率次之 占 28.1%. 关键词：PM10；粒径分布；微观形貌；因子分析；源解析 中图分类号：X513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2010)07-0962-05 Characteristics and source apportionment of PM10 at urban traffic trunk roads and surrounding areas in Beijing. * YANG Yi-fang, QIAN Feng , ZHANG Hui-feng, BIAN Sen, TANG Yu-jia (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China). China Environmental Science, 2010,30(7) ：962~966 Abstract ：The PM10 samples collected throughout 4 months at Hangtian Qiao in Beijing. Scanning electron microscopey (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the individual particle morphology and the chemical composition. According to the morphology and composition, 9 classes particles were found. Meanwhile, the mass concentrations of metal elements in PM10 were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were decreased with the decrease of particles size, whereas the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni and Hg increased, especially for fine particles (PM smaller than 2.1µm). The result of factor analysis(FA) in sources apportionment of PM10 showed that soil dust/ building construction dust dominated the total mass of PM10, contri