饲料分类英文课件ChapterSilage讲解学习.pptVIP

Chapter 4　 Silage（青贮饲料）;4.1 Introduction ;(2)History of silage It is a very old method of preserving feed. Columbus found that the Indians used pits or trenches in which to store their grain, and , centuries earlier in the Old World, silos were used as a means of preserving both grain and green forage. The first tower silo built in the USA by the white man is said to be erected by F. Morris in Maryland in 1876. ;(3)The reason of making silage Silage making is one of the 3 common methods of utilizing forage crops. Pasturing is the least expensive of the 3 methods, but it is seasonal in nature. Weather condition are not always favorable to haymaking. Ensiling can be done in inclement weather. Also, it has the added virtues of succulence and of preserving a higher proportion of the nutrients of the plants than can be accomplished in haymaking. ;(5)Kinds of crops used for silage Practically any crop may be made into silage, provided it contains : An appropriate level of moisture Adequate amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrates Adequate levels of other nutrients Provided it can be packed sufficiently ①Corn Most extensively used silage crop. Corn silage is unexcelled in quality. ;③ Forage sorghum Most are very high yielding but do not produce the best silage. It inclined to contain excess water and acid, hence is not very palatable or nutritious. ④ Grain sorghum Grain sorghum silage is between corn silage and forage sorghum silage in palatability. Higher DM content. ;4.2 The ensiling process;4.2.2 Anaerobic activity Yeasts and molds die. Anaerobic bacteria, chiefly acid-forming and proteolytic（蛋白质分解的）, multiply at a prodigious(惊人的） rate. These bacteria, or enzymes produced by them, and enzymes from the cut plant material, attack the sugars and other material, breaking them into organic acids, principally lactic, acetic（乙酸） and formic（甲酸）, some ethyl alcohol(乙醇）, some gases like CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2. ;4.2.2 Anaerobic activity ④Much of sugars is changed to o