第八章竞争市场利润最大化与均衡中央财经大学张苏.ppt

竞争市场利润最大化与均衡 1.1厂商追求利润最大化的假设 2.1完全竞争市场的定义 证明 3.1.分析框架：数学解 3.2.分析框架：几何解 4.1.短期均衡MR=MC 关于短期均衡的总结 4.2.1由短期均衡的五种情形可推导出完全竞争厂商的短期供给线：几何 4.2.2由短期均衡的五种情形可推导出完全竞争厂商的短期供给线：数学 生产者剩余与经济利润的区别 市场的生产者剩余 4.4.1从长期利润最大化到长期均衡 4.4.2从长期利润最大化到长期均衡 4.5行业的长期供给曲线 例题1 例题2 例题3 例题3 例题4 例题5 Suppose you are given the following information about a particular industry: Assume that all firms are identical, and that the market is characterized by pure competition. 例题5 (1)Find the equilibrium price, the equilibrium quantity, the output supplied by the firm, and the profit of the firm. 均衡价格 均衡产量 工厂产量 利润 (2) Would you expect to see entry into or exit from the industry in the long-run? Explain. What effect will entry or exit have on market equilibrium? (2)解： Entry because the firms in the industry are making positive profit. As firms enter, the supply curve for the industry will shift down and to the right and the equilibrium price will fall, all else the same. This will reduce each firm’s profit down to zero until there is no incentive for further entry. (3) What is the lowest price at which each firm would sell its output in the long run? Is profit positive, negative, or zero at this price? Explain. (4) 错题目 What is the lowest price at which each firm would sell its output in the short run? Is profit positive, negative, or zero at this price? Explain. 例题6 例题7 例题8 Consider a city that has a number of hot dogs stands operating throughout the downtown area. Suppose that each vendor has a marginal cost of $1.50 per hot dog sold, and no fixed cost. Suppose the maximum number of hot dogs any one vendor can sell in a day is 100. (1) If the price of a hot dog is $2, how may hot dogs does each vendor want to sell? Since marginal cost is equal to 1.5 and the price is equal to 2, the hot dog vendor will want to sell as many hot dogs as possible, or in other words, 100 hot dogs. (2) If the industry is perfectly competitive will the price remain at $2 for a hot dog? If not, what wi