共轭聚合物与聚合物太阳能电池的专题.ppt

聚合物太阳能电池对聚合物材料的要求 JSC：使聚合物材料的吸收光谱与太阳的发射光谱更加匹配。 VOC：增加聚合物的HOMO与电子受体的LUMO之间的能级差。 FF：改善聚合物材料的空穴迁移率。 溶解性：这是溶液加工成膜的前提。 聚集和形貌：给体/受体互穿网络结构对器件性能有重要影响 * PCBM P3HT P3HT PCBM -2.74 eV -4.76 eV -3.91 eV -5.93 eV DELUMO = 1.17 eV DELUMO-HOMO = 0.85 eV LUMO HOMO 聚合物太阳能电池面临的问题： 能量转换效率较低 ，主要是由于： 1. 共轭聚合物只能吸收部分太阳光（太阳光的利用率低）。 2. 共轭聚合物的电荷载流子迁移率低。 3. 给体/受体激子电荷分离的能量损失大。 太阳光谱和常用共轭聚合物吸收光谱的比较 * 高输出电压；大输出电流；良好的填充因子。 15%的效率将会实现。 * A map Light absorption Exciton diffusion Charge separation Charge transport Charge collection Jsc Voc FF Band gap HOMOLUMO Mobility Morphology Others PCE Solid line: certain Dash line: uncertain Molecular structure * 吸收光谱与光学带隙的测量与计算 UV-Vis吸收光谱是表征材料的首要手段。 吸收边的位置用来计算光学带隙。 Eg = （1240/ledge）eV * 分子能级的测量与计算 电化学循环伏安（CV）方法通常用来测定HOMO与LUMO能级 紫外光电子能谱 （UPS） * 迁移率的测量 激光飞行时间法（TOF） 场效应法（FET） 空间电荷限制电流法（SCLC） * Molecular structure design To enhance p-electron delocalizability is an effective way to lower the band gap of organic conjugated materials. To introduce electron donating groups, like alkoxy and amino. * 2. To build conjugated structure with push-pull p-electron effect.  * 3. To build conjugated structure with strong quinoid properties * Molecular structure design  – How to improve mobility? Including two part: inter- and intra- molecular charge transport. Intermolecular charge transport can be improved by forming tight p-p stacking between molecules. Regioregular structure; reducing steric hindrance caused by bulky non-conjugated part; planar conjugated structure; 2-dimensional conjugated structure; etc. Intramolecular charge transport can be improved by enhancing p-electron delocalizability. Seldom studied. (Possibly by reducing aromatic properties of conjugated components; quinoid structure; etc.) Hole mobility: 3 orders higher Z3 Z4 Twist angel 38.2o 14.9o mhole cm2/(vs) 1.84*10-7 2.5*10-5 HOMO eV -5.2 -4.8 BisEH-PFDTBT BisDMO-PFDTBT mh (cm2V-1s-1) 6×10-6 3×10-5 HOMO (eV) -5.5 -5.5 Eg (eV) 1.8 1.8 J. of Phy.Chem. C 2009, 113, 21202-21207