译林牛津英语模块5Unit 3语法：分词作状语.pptx

分词作状语怎样区别现在分词与过去分词作状语一：现在分词作状语：① 现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。② 现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c），如： Following the guide, they started to climb. ③ 现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如： Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well.④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an. ⑤ 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如： Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. (结果) The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果) Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. (条件) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步)二、过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly. Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room. The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如： The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. (= as he was exhausted…)过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如： United, we stand; divided, we fall. (=When / If we are united …) Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / If water is he