[2-4]从国际视角观看中国的政治经济体制.ppt

China’s Political Economy from an International Perspective China enjoys meritocratic, top-down leadership, like Japan and South Korea, plus dynamic entrepreneurs like Hong Kong and Taiwan. In between is a hybrid of entrepreneurial officials unique to China. The resulting competitive, money-driven local politics: allows Chinese companies to quickly enter new markets that require capital investments — see the comparisons with Hong Kong, Taiwan and India; prevents Chinese companies from formulating and implementing the long-term strategies required to become world class — see the comparisons with Japan and South Korea; but has not led to economic stagnation or social disorder because the socialist system of personnel control remains intact — see the comparisons with the Philippines and Indonesia. China attracted foreign investment to develop its export processing. The foreign capitalists provided employment and inculcated managerial and technical skills, but cannot meddle in China’s politics. Domestic capitalists also have little political leverage. The importance of this for economic equity and social stability can be seen by comparisons with Russia, the US and Western Europe. 从国际视角观看中国的政治经济体制 中国不仅有象日本和韩国一样的任人为贤、自上而下的领导群体，而且也有象香港和台湾一样的一群精力充沛、干劲十足的企业家。夹在两者之间的是一大帮半官半民的企业领导，这些企业领导是中国特有的现象。结果这种相互竞争、金钱驱动的地方政治： 使得中国公司能迅速地攻入那些需要进行资本投资的新市场—见“与港台和印度对比”； 但却也妨碍中国公司制定和实施跻身世界一流之列的远期战略—见“与日韩对比”； 但是，由于社会主义时代的人事控制体制至今依然完整无损，因此还没有发生过引起经济停滞或社会动荡的情况—见“与菲律宾和印尼对比”。 中国吸引外来投资，用于发展出口加工业。外国资本家提供了就业岗位，也带来了管理和技术方面的技能，但是却不能插足中国的政治。国内资本家在政治方面的影响力也极小。只要和俄、美和欧的情况稍做对比，就能看得出中国的这种体制对维持经济公平和社会稳定的重要作用有多大。 China’s Political Economy In the socialist era, China’s economy was managed via a tight system of personnel control which motivated officials by ideology rather than personal gain. The reforms freed local governments and ministries to spin off corporations to exploit profit opportunities. These political units continue to mediate between the state and the economy. Business autonomy from the