第六章 核酸的结构与功能.pptxVIP

第二章 核酸的结构与功能;核酸是存在于细胞中的一类大分子酸性物质，包括核糖核酸（ribonucleic acid, RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA）两大类。;RNA和DNA都是以单核苷酸(nucleotide)为基本单位所组成的多核苷酸长链。 RNA主要参与遗传信息的表达，而DNA则是遗传信息的载体。 ;Section 1 The Chemical Component and Primary Structure of Nucleic Acid;核酸的水解产物：;1. 嘧啶碱(pyrimidine)： ;2. 嘌呤碱(purine)： ;二、戊糖与核苷 ;2．核苷(nucleoside)： ;腺苷(AR) 脱氧胞苷(dCR); “稀有核苷”是由“稀有碱基”所生成的核苷。;三、核苷酸的结构与命名;5 ?-核苷酸的分子结构; 5?-核苷酸又可按其在5?位缩合的磷酸基的多少，分为一磷酸核苷（核苷酸）、二磷酸核苷和三磷酸核苷。 ;环核苷酸的分子结构;核苷酸的命名及缩写符号;四、核酸的一级结构;3,5-磷酸二酯键的形成;多核苷酸链;DNA分子主要由dAMP、dGMP、dCMP和dTMP四种脱氧核糖核苷酸所组成。 DNA的一级结构就是指DNA分子中脱氧核糖核苷酸的排列顺序及连接方式(3?,5?-磷酸二酯键)。 RNA分子主要由AMP，GMP，CMP，UMP四种核糖核苷酸组成。 RNA的一级结构就是指RNA分子中核糖核苷酸的排列顺序及连接方式。 ;DNA的一级结构： 5?-AGTCCATG-3? AGTCCATG 3?-TCAGGTAC-5? RNA的一级结构： 5?-AGUCCAUG-3? AGUCCAUG ;第二节 DNA的空间结构与功能;一、DNA的二级结构——双螺旋结构模型;（一）对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家;2. Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) Chargaff discovered the pairing rules of DNA letters, noticing that A matches to T and C to G. He later criticized molecular biology, the discipline he helped invent, as the practice of biochemistry without a licence, and once described Francis Crick as looking like a faded racing tout. —— Nature, 2003;Chargaff 研究小组的贡献;3. Linus Pauling (1901-1994) The titan of twentieth-century chemistry. Pauling led the way in working out the structure of big biological molecules, and Watson and Crick saw him as their main competitor. In early 1953, working without the benefit of X-ray pictures, he published a paper suggesting that DNA was a triple helix. —— Nature, 2003;4. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) Franklin, trained as a chemist, was expert in deducing the structure of molecules by firing X-rays through them. Her images of DNA - disclosed without her knowledge - put Watson and Crick on the track towards the right structure. She went on to do pioneering work o