动物身体图式的模式建成II.ppt

Developmental Biology Chapter 5: Patterning the body plan in animals- -Vertebrates Frzb, another secreted protein from the organizer is important for development of the most anterior head structures The frzb is expressed in the head endomesoderm of the organizer The frzb mRNA: dark blue The chordin mRNA: brown Microinjection of frzb mRNA into the marginal zone leads to the inhibition of trunk formation, due to inactivation of the Wnt signaling The organizer is able to secret different sets of signal proteins that antagonize/block BMP and (or) Wnt signaling Mechanisms underlying role of the Spemann organizer in the body axis formation How was the organizer specified and formed? What caused the dorsal blastopore lip to differ from any other region of the embryo? What factors were being secreted from the organizer to create the antro-posterior and dorso-ventral axes? How did the patterning of the embryo along the body axes become accompanied? The trunk mesoderm of a neurula-stage embryo can be subdivided into four regions along the dorso-ventral axis The trunk mesoderm of a neurula-stage embryo can be subdivided into four regions along the dorso-ventral axis Patterning the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis (subdivision of the mesoderm) is controlled by the gradient of BMP4 signaling. High doses of BMP4 activate those genes (e.g, Xvent1) for development of the lateral plate mesoderm Intermediate levels of BMP4 instruct formation of the intermediate mesoderm Low doses of BMP4 regulate the paraxial mesoderm differentiation through activating myf5 et al The mesoderm becomes notochord tissue when no BMP4 activity is present in the most dorsal region The antero-posterior axial patterning in vertebrates Patterning of the vertebrate embryo along the AP axis will be focused on: Patterning of the dorsal mesoderm that forms the somites, the blocks of mesodermal cells that give rise to the skeleton and muscles of the trunk Patterning of