普通楼 英文资料.doc

医学免疫学电子资料/dispbbs.asp?boardID=241ID=3042695 Hapten A hapten is a small molecule which can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one which also does not elicit an immune response by itself. Complementarity determining region (CDR) A complementarity determining region (CDR) is a short amino acid sequence found in the variable domains of antigen receptor (e.g. immunoglobulin and T cell receptor) proteins that complements an antigen and therefore provides the receptor with its specificity for that particular antigen. Complement The complement system is a biochemical cascade that helps clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the larger immune system that is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individuals lifetime; as such it belongs to the innate immune system. However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the adaptive immune system. MHC The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genomic region or gene family found in most vertebrates. It is the most gene-dense region of the mammalian genome and plays an important role in the immune system, autoimmunity, and reproductive success. Leukocyte differentiation antigen The cell surface markers which express or disappear on the different cells in the different stages of differentitation and activation. APC An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. T-cells may recognize this complex using their T-cell receptor (TCR). Somatic hypermutation Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a mechanism inside cells that is part of the way the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements which confront it (for example, microbes). Negative selection The death of autoimmune lymphocytes shortly after they develop. Also known as clonal deletion. Anergy Anergy is a term in immunobiology that describes a lack of reaction by the bodys defense mechanism