工业酒精的提.pptVIP

演讲：芮鹏 组长：芮鹏 组员：姜悦 金欢 戴峥嵘 嵇晓敏 钱磊 ———第六组 乙醇的介绍：乙醇分子由烃基（－C2H5）和官能团羟基（－OH）两部分构成，其物理性质（熔沸点、溶解性）与此有关。乙醇是无色、透明、有香味、易挥发的液体，熔点－117.3℃，沸点78.5℃，密度0.7893g/cm3，能与水及大多数有机溶剂以任意比混溶。各种饮用酒里都含有乙醇，酒精过量能引起中毒，因此青少年不能饮用含酒精的饮料。工业酒精含乙醇约95％。含乙醇达99.5％以上的酒精称无水乙醇。其中少量的水无法用蒸馏法除去。工业酒精中含有少量甲醇，有毒，不能掺水饮用。 乙醇的化学性质也很多，能发生氧化反应，取代反应，脱水反应等。 Ethanol is introduced: ethanol molecule consists of TingJi (- C2H5) and functional hydroxyl (OH) two components, and its physical properties (melting boiling point, solubility) and relevant here. Ethanol is a colorless, transparent, have fragrance, volatile liquid, melting point - ℃, boiling point ℃ 117.3 7.85 0.7893 g/cm3 density, can with water and most organic solvents than immiscible with arbitrary. Various drinking wine contains ethanol, too much alcohol can cause poisoning, so teenagers can not drink alcoholic drinks. Industrial alcohol including ethanol about 95%. Including ethanol reaches 99.5% above alcohol say anhydrous alcohol. Among them a small amount of water cannot distillation in eliminate. Industrial alcohol contains a few methanol, poisonous, cant water blending is drinkable. Ethanol chemistry is very much also, can oxidation reaction, substitution reaction, dehydration reaction, etc. 实验原理工业酒精的提纯一般采用蒸馏的方法，蒸出的酒精就是较纯的。蒸馏(又称简单蒸馏)是分离和提纯液态有机化合物的最常用的重要方法之一.应用这一方法,不仅可以把挥发性物质与不挥发性物质分离,还可以把沸点不同的物质以及有色的杂质分离. 在通常情况下,纯粹的液态物质在大气压力下有一定的沸点.为了制得乙醇含量为99.5%的无水乙醇,实验室中常用最简便的制备方法是生石灰法,即利用生石灰与工业酒精中的水反应生成不挥发,一般加热生成不分解的熟石灰(氢氧化钙),在利用甲醇乙醇沸点不同，蒸馏出甲醇，以得到无水乙醇。 为了使反应充分进行,除了将反应物混合放置过夜外,还让其加热回流一段时间.制得的无水乙醇(纯度可达99.5%)用直接蒸馏法收集.这样的无水乙醇已能满足一般实验使用. 若要制得绝对无水乙醇(纯度99.95%),则将制得的无水乙醇和金属钠进一步处理,除去残余的微量水分即可. The purification of industrial alcohol usually adopts the distillation method, steamed out of alcohol is relatively pure. Distillation (also called simple distillation) is separation and purification of liquid organic compounds of the most commonly used one of the important ways. Application of this method