台湾苔藓植物多样性及研究现况.docVIP

台灣苔蘚植物多樣性及研究現況 Diversity and Research Status of Bryophytes in Taiwan 楊嘉棟* 蔣鎮宇 Yang, Jia-Dong*, Tzen-Yuh Chiang 農委會特有生物研究保育中心* 國立成功大學 Endemic Species Research Institute*, National 摘要 苔蘚植物(bryophytes)包括蘚類(mosses)、苔類(liverworts)及角苔類(hornworts)三大類。台灣已紀錄有66科261屬約872種的蘚類和42科121屬約487種苔類及角苔類。台灣因植被及地形多樣性造成單位面積苔蘚類種數高達37.75種/1,000 ㎞2，種類密度之高，堪稱世界之最。台灣苔蘚地理親緣關係與日本及中國大陸最為接近；台灣苔蘚植物之特有性為7-8％，物種多屬鄰近地區之廣泛分布的種類，可能肇因於苔蘚孢子的遠距散播能力。台灣苔蘚調查最早可追溯到1864年Richard Oldham在台的採集。在日治時期(1895-1945年)日本學者採集並發表台灣大部分的苔蘚植物，其中尤以Y. Horikawa及A. Noguchi為代表。直到1960年起台灣本土學者才開始採集並研究苔蘚類。從1990年迄今許多苔蘚專論陸續由林善雄教授、蔣鎮宇教授及他們的學生所發表。為推動台灣苔蘚植物之研究，茲提出以下建議：（一）儘速完成台灣苔蘚植物誌的編撰；（二）持續進行台灣苔蘚植物資源調查；（三）加強培育苔蘚植物相關研究人才；（四）積極推動區域及國際間合作與交流。 Abstract The bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. There are 66 families, 261 genera, about 872 species of mosses, and 42 families, 121genera, about 487 species of liverworts and hornworts recorded from Taiwan. Species density (37.75 species/1,000 ㎞2) of bryophytes on the island is one of highest in the world and is ascribed to the diversity of vegetation and topography in Taiwan. The affinity of the bryophyte flora in Taiwan is closely related to that of Japan and Mainland China. The level of endemism for Taiwan’s bryophytes is about seven to eight percent. Most species are widespread and distributed in adjacent areas due to the long-distance dispersal abilities of spores. The earliest survey of bryophytes of Taiwan could be traced back to Richard Oldham’s expedition in 1864. Most of the floristic studies were made by Japanese bryologists, such as Y. Horikawa and A. Noguchi. Ever since 1960, the Taiwanese bryologists have started to collect and study bryophytes. Several monographs on liverworts and mosses have been published. To promote the bryological researches of Taiwan, we have the following recommendations: 1) completing the bryoflora of Taiwan in the immediate future, 2) conducting a continuing inventory program, 3) enhancing the training of young bryologists, 4) encouraging inter