第四章遥感图像处理方法.pptVIP

2、不同时相的遥感数据融合 观测地物的类型、位置、轮廓及动态变化是常用。 （1）配准：利用几何校正的方法。 （2）直方图调整：将配准后的直方图调整成一致的直方图，使图像亮度值趋于协调，以便于比较。 （3）融合：彩色合成法、差值法、比值法。 1、地理数据的网格化 （1）网格数据生成； （2）与遥感数据配准。 2、最优遥感数据的选取。 3、配准融合： （1）栅格数据与栅格数据； （2）栅格数据与矢量数据。 二、遥感与非遥感信息的融合 * r * * The image on the right was created by ‘edge enhancing’ the image on the right. This process can be useful for making roads and other man made features stand out in a geographic image. * Smoothing is useful when trying to ‘see the forest for the trees’ This graphic illustrates the increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a linear contrast stretch. If the input range is not uniformly distributed. In this case, a histogram-equalised stretch may be better. This stretch assigns more display values (range) to the frequently occurring portions of the histogram. In this way, the detail in these areas will be better enhanced relative to those areas of the original histogram where values occur less frequently This graphic illustrates the rather uneven increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a histogram equalised stretch. 非线性变换 当变换函数是非线性时，即为非线性变换。变换函数有指数变换和对数变换。 指数变换 对数变换 三、空间滤波 以重点突出图像上某些特征为目的。 滤波增强的原理:任何一个复杂的波形曲线都可以分解成具有不同频率（波长）的较为简单的波形曲线。 概念:根据需要，舍弃不需要的频率曲线，选择适宜和需要的频率波形曲线，重新构成新的图像，使一些地物或现象得到突出显示。 三、空间滤波 空间滤波：以突出图像上的某些特征为目的，通过像元与周围相邻像元的关系，采取空间域中的邻域处理方法进行图像增强方法。 图像卷积运算：在图像的左上角开一个与模板同样大小的活动窗口，图像窗口与模板像元的亮度值相乘再相加，得到新像元的灰度值。是在空间域上对图像作局部检测的运算，以实现平滑和锐化的目的。 Spatial Filtering Spatial filtering encompasses another set of digital processing functions which are used to enhance the appearance of an image. Spatial filters are designed to highlight or suppress（抑制） specific features in an image based on their spatial frequency. Spatial frequency is related to the concept of image texture, and refers to the frequency of the variations in tone that appear in an image A common filtering involves moving a ‘window’ （活动窗口）of a few pixels in dimension (e.g. 3x3, 5x5, etc.) over each pixel in the image, applying a mat