医学和人类健康呼吸系统常见疾病.ppt

* 07/16/96 * ## This radiograph demonstrates patchy infiltrates consistent with a bronchopneumonia from a bacterial infection. Typical organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, among others. * 07/16/96 * ## At higher magnification, the pattern of patchy distribution of a bronchopneumonia is seen. The consolidated areas here very closely match the pattern of lung lobules (hence the term lobular pneumonia).A bronchopneumonia is classically a hospital acquired pneumonia seen in persons already ill from another disease process. Typical bacterial organisms include: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas. * 07/16/96 * ## At the left the alveoli are filled with a neutrophilic exudate that corresponds to the areas of consolidation seen grossly with the bronchopneumonia. This contrasts with the aerated lung on the right of this photomicrograph. * 07/16/96 * ## At higher magnification can be seen a patchy area of alveoli that are filled with inflammatory cells. The alveolar structure is still maintained, which is why a pneumonia often resolves with minimal residual destruction or damage to the lung. * 07/16/96 * ## At high magnification, the alveolar exudate of mainly neutrophils is seen. The surrounding alveolar walls have capillaries that are dilated and filled with RBCs. Such an exudative process is typical for bacterial infection. This exudate gives rise to the productive cough of purulent yellow sputum seen with bacterial pneumonias. * 07/16/96 * ## More virulent bacteria and/or more severe pneumonias can be associated with destruction of lung tissue and hemorrhage. Here, alveolar walls are no longer visible because there is early abscess formation. There is also hemorrhage. * 07/16/96 * ## * 07/16/96 * ## Here is the microscopic appearance of a viral pneumonia with interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates. Note that there is no alveolar exudate. Thus, the pat