医学影像学cardiovascularsystem留学生.ppt

X ray 300ml, normal podoid （心影） Typical: podoid general enlarged, radian disappear, flask-like（烧瓶状） or spherical shape（球形） podoid Widen SVC Shortening aorta shadow Pulsation weaken or disappear radian disappear, spherical shape（球形） podoid B. Constrictive pericarditis（缩窄性心包炎） X ray Podoid normal Heart border straight Pulsation weaken or disappear Pericardium calcification Dilated SVC Pulmonary congestion Pleural thickening and adhesion（胸膜肥厚粘连） Globular cardiac silhouette ,right border straight Circle calcification of the pericardium comma calcification in apex pericarditis pericardial effusion constrictive pericarditis CT volume, site, and properties calcification of fluid in pericardial cavity MR more sensitive not sensitive for cal. Pulmonary embolism（肺动脉栓塞） Clinic and pathology Endogenous emboli（内源性栓子） Exogenous emboli（外源性） Pulmonary embolism-pulmonary infarction（肺梗死） Emboli: shedding（脱落） from deep vein thrombus/neoplasia thrombus（瘤栓）/gas/fat/ amniotic fluid（羊水） Imaging methods comparison X-ray : typical cases USG: display the emboli in main PA and left/right PA MRI: emboli in segmental or sub-segmental branches CT: similar to USG Arteriography of PA: optima reliable X ray-only for typical cases Regional lung markings rarefaction（肺纹理稀少） Hypertransluncent（透亮度增高） Pulmonary infarction: wedge shape shadow CT Low density in PA cavity----filling defect（充盈缺损） Complete PA obstruction: distal artery no contrast medium Proximal PA dilated or hypertension Pulmonary infarction: wedge shape consolidation（实变）, apex direct towards hilum Microscopic Features Myocardial hypertrophy; Gross disorganization of the muscle bundles; Cell-to-cell disarray. 标本 Imaging Findings X ray findings: Cardiac silhouette may range from normal to markedly increased; Lung circulation always normal. Markedly enlargement heart may find Interstitial pulm