清华大学,天文学导论,张有宏,行星.pptVIP

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  • 2019-12-23 发布于湖北
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天王星的光环(11个) A ring system: very narrow rings. Some = 10 km wide, also “shepherd moons” (keep the ring narrow) Discovered in 1977, when Uranus passed in front of a bright satr: 光环多次闪烁(天王星掩恒星) 背景星迹 海王星—最远的行星 Planet 8 from the Sun 海王星和天王星更相似: 岩石核心 光环 众多卫星 磁场… H, He, methane (CH4) atmosphere Discovered in 1864 as a result of analysis of Uranus’ orbit: Neptune perturbs Uranus (1613: Galileo saw, but not recognized!) 海王星的大黑斑 Great Dark Spot 海王星的大气看起来比天王星活跃,winds up to 1100 km/hour! Many spots, etc. 著名的台风风暴称为大黑斑(地球大小),类似木星的大红斑。但是大黑斑生命短暂,只有约两年寿命 海王星的光环 Only two rings visible by ground-based telescopes Voyager 2: August 1989, ~ 5000km close! Saw complete (but changing) rings Uranus and Neptune both have a blue color 扩展阅读 The nine planet is a nice homepage for your further reading (/billa/tnp/nineplanets.html) 探测太阳系最新进展,NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory:/index.cfm Fascination for the possibility of life It will be possible to see cities on Mars, to detect navies in [its] harbors, and the smoke of great manufacturing cities and towns... Is Mars inhabited? There can be little doubt of it ... conditions are all favorable for life, and life, too, of a high order. Is it possible to know this of a certainty? Certainly. -- quoted in Feb., 1973 National Geographic (from a book called World Making 1895 by Samual Leland Phelps a professor of astronomy) Viking 2 海盗 2 地球生命来自火星? 1996年在地球南极发现的火星陨石中显现出36亿前的原始生命的可能迹象! Tube-like structures (tiny bacteria?) + several lines of chemical evidence, very controversial, but intriguing! 火星探测器 1997-7-4,火星探路者(Mars Pathfinder):火星小车“索杰娜” Spirit and Opportunity勇气号和机遇号 2004-1-4和5 名称:一个小姑娘的提议 /home/index.html “火星像地球” Planet 4,1.38AU-1.67AU,-2-1.5星等 火星是一颗(桔)红色的行星,这是由于其表面有丰富的氧化铁(惑星或荧惑) 火星的自转周期为1.026天,自转倾角为24°,所以火星也有四季和昼夜长短的变化 和地球一样,火星拥有极冠(polar ice caps),但主要为固态的二氧化碳(干冰) 和少量水冰, 且夏消冬长 火星年有680多天 0.53地球半径 稀薄大气 火星质量仅为地球的1/10,表面重力不及地球的4/10,因而大气层十分稀薄,表面压力只有地球的1%。大气主要由二氧化碳(95%)和氮(3%)组成,水蒸气0.01%。 虽然大气主要由二氧化碳组成,但是火星大气太稀薄,不能有效束缚太阳能,因此它的表面温度变化很大:from -130°C to 30°

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