软件体系结构复习资料.pptVIP

Other System Quality Attributes Scalability is often an important attribute, but in our discussion here scalability is captured by modifying system capacity—the number of users supported, for example. Portability is captured as a platform modification. If some quality attribute—say interoperability—is important to your organization, it is reasonable to create your own general scenario for it. 软件体系结构设计 架构模式的应用 常见质量属性的设计 可用性（ Availability ） 可修改性（ Modifiability ） 性能（ Performance ） 安全性（ Security ） 可测试性（ Testability ） 易用性（ Usability ） 可用性战术 可用性战术阻止错误发展成为故障或者把错误的影响限制在一定范围内，从而使修复成为可能。 fault detection（错误检测） Ping/echo（命令/响应）, Heartbeat（心跳）, Exceptions fault recovery（错误恢复） Fault recovery consists of preparing for recovery and making the system repair. Voting（表决）, Active redundancy（主动冗余）, Passive redundancy（被动冗余）, Spare（备件）, Shadow operation, State resynchronization（状态再同步）, Checkpoint/rollback（检查点回滚） fault prevention（错误阻止） Removal from service, Transactions, Process monitor Modifiability Tactics Localize Modifications（局部化修改） Maintain semantic coherence （维持语义的一致性） Anticipate expected changes（预期期望的变更） Generalize the module （泛化模块） Limit possible options （限制可能的选择） Prevent Ripple Effects Hide information Maintain existing interfaces Restrict communication paths Use an intermediary（中间层） Defer Binding Time Performance Tactics Resource demand Resource management Introduce concurrency Maintain multiple copies of either data or computations Increase available resources Resource arbitration（仲裁） First-in/First-out Fixed-priority scheduling Dynamic priority scheduling Static scheduling Security Tactics Those concerned with resisting attacks（抵抗攻击） Those concerned with detecting attacks（检测攻击） Those concerned with recovering from attacks（从攻击中恢复） Testability Tactics Record/playback Separate interface from implementation Specialize access routes/interfaces Built-in monitors Usability Tactics Design-time Tactics Maintain a model of the task Maintain a model of the user Maintain a model o