创新杯优质课大赛课件光的干涉应用举例.pptVIP

Absorption Spontaneous Emission Stimulated Emission Before After （三）全光纤激光迈克尔孙干涉仪 光学干涉测量，如用钠光测量凸透镜曲率半径，用迈克尔孙干涉仪测量位移等，很久以来都是物理实验的和总要内容。然而，那些把空气作为介质的激光干涉装置，存在着致命的缺陷，如温度的不均匀、振动、空气中的水分等将使得这些激光干涉装置在工程应用中收到限制。而光纤干涉测量装置则耐振动、不怕电磁干扰、可在较高温度环境中工作。 利用干涉原理，将激光耦合在直径为4微米的单模光纤中制作成全光纤迈克尔孙干涉仪，就可解决上述问题。 Optical fibers use TIR to transmit light long distances. Fiber Optics 光学光纤 They play an ever-increasing role in our lives! Core: Thin glass center of the fiber that carries the light Cladding: Surrounds the core and reflects the light back into the core Buffer coating: Plastic protective coating Design of optical fibers ncore ncladding Propagation of light in an optical fiber Light travels through the core bouncing from the reflective walls. The walls absorb very little light from the core allowing the light wave to travel large distances. Some signal degradation occurs due to imperfectly constructed glass used in the cable. The best optical fibers show very little light loss -- less than 10%/km at 1,550 nm. Maximum light loss occurs at the points of maximum curvature. Microstructure fiber Such fiber has many applications, from medical imaging to optical clocks. Air holes Core In microstructure fiber, air holes act as the cladding surrounding a glass core. Such fibers have different dispersion properties. （四）其它类型的干涉仪及其应用 马赫-曾德尔干涉仪及其应用 萨格奈克干涉仪及其应用 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer马赫-曾德尔干涉仪 原理图 The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is usually operated “misaligned” and with something of interest in one arm. Beam- splitter Input beam Mirror Mirror Beam- splitter Output beam Object Mach-Zehnder Interferogram Nothing in either path Plasma in one path The Sagnac Interferometer萨格奈克干涉仪 原理图 The two beams take the same path around the interferometer and the output light can either exit or return to the source. Beam- splitter Input beam Mirror Mirror Mirror Beam- splitter Input beam Mirror Mirror It turns out that no light exits! It all returns to the source! Why all