续1 λ噬菌体的调控.ppt

λ噬菌体的基因表达调控 λ噬菌体是一种以大肠杆菌为宿主的温和型噬菌体，它感染大肠杆菌后，通过精确的基因表达调控机制选择裂解周期或溶原周期。 λ噬菌体长48502nt，共61个基因，其中32个较为重要 . λ的整个生命过程都离不开寄主的RNA聚合酶，因为λ噬菌体没有编码RNA聚合酶的基因。 λDNA两条链都有遗传密码，有各自的转录单位向右转录的叫R链；向左转录的叫L链。 Lytic: three phases - immediate early, delayed early and late （lysis）. Replication of the lambda genome, production of viral coat proteins, and assembly of progeny phage. Lysogenic: three phases - immediate early, delayed early and late （lysogeny）. Repressor protein cI is produced which binds to the two operator regions, OR and OL. Transcription of all lambda genes except cI is stopped. No progeny produced. Phage genome integrates into host genome and becomes prophage. Not disadvantageous for host. λ噬菌体的基因组结构 When contemplating I suggest attention be payed to the following concepts: 时间,空间,量（浓度）, 或然性 temporal，spatial，amount (concentration)，random(to a certain extent) 2.1 Lambda has only two immediate early genes, N and cro. N. N codes for an antitermination factor whose action at the nut sites allows transcription to proceed into the delayed early genes; Cro. Cro has dual functions: By binding to OR ( OR3 ) it prevents synthesis of the repressor CI with PRM ; By interacting with OL (OLl) and OR (ORl)it turns off expression of the immediate early genes (which are not needed later in the lytic cycle （包括自体调控）Cro 浓度较高时。 two replication genes (needed for lytic infection), seven recombination genes (some involved in recombination during lytic infection, two necessary to integrate lambda DNA into the bacterial chromosome for lysogeny), and three regulators， cII，cIII， Q(位置较靠后）。 The three regulators have opposing functions: · The cII-cIII pair of regulators is needed to establish the synthesis of repressor. →lysogen · The Q regulator is an antitermination factor that allows host RNA polymerase to transcribe the late genes.