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济南大学毕业设计 济南大学毕业论文 PAGE XIX 济南大学毕业论文 毕业论文 题 目 基于遗传算法的PID整定 学 院 自动化与电气工程学院 专 业 自动化 班 级 电传1003班 学 生 谢树培 学 号 20100321282 指导教师 谢锦丽 二〇一四年五月三十一日 PAGE PAGE I PAGE PAGE I PAGE PAGE II PAGE I PAGE I 摘 要 PID（Proportional Integral Derivative）控制，因其具有算法简单、鲁棒性好、可靠性高等优点在工业生产中应用极为广泛，几乎涉及到生产生活的各个方面，对工程控制有着不可替代的作用。PID各个参数对控制系统影响巨大。一旦PID参数选择不当可能会使控制系统造成重大损失。因此，为提高系统控制精度和控制效果，急需要一种简单而有效的对PID参数进行整定方法应用在控制系统中。 传统的PID参数整定多选用试验加人工多次试凑的方式进行整定，往往费时且难以满足实时控制的要求。本文提出了通过遗传算法来对PID参数进行整定的方法。基于遗传算法的PID整定方法比传统的整定方法有着更大的优势，通过MATLAB软件仿真可知，用遗传算法来整定PID参数，可以提高系统性能，同时具有良好的控制精度、动态性能和鲁棒性。 关键词：PID控制器 遗传算法 参数整定 Abstract ? Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is widely used in many fields, involving almost all aspects of life and manufacture, because of its simple algorithm, good robustness and high reliability in industrial production, which also plays an irreplaceable role in engineering control. However, the values of PID parameters make great impacts on control systems. Once the PID parameters are chose incorrectly, the control systems will be damaged seriously. Therefore, in order to improve the precision and effect of control systems,we need to look for a simple and effective PID tuning method. Traditional PID tuning methods with experiment and manual trial usually cost a lot of time, with which it is difficult to satisfy the requirement of real-time control. A PID tuning method based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is much better than traditional tuning method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples. Tuning the PID parameters with genetic algorithm can improve the performance of the system with better control precision, dynamic performance and robustness. ? Keywords: PID controller; Genetic Algorithm; Parameter Tuning; 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h